El presente contenido fue tomado del libro:
Upstream, elementary A2
Evans, Virginia. Dooley, Jenny
Express Publishing
UNIT 1 2
1a. MOMENTS IN LIFE 2
1b. WORK DAY 3
Jobs 3
Pronunciation 3
1c. ROUND THE CLOCK 3
Chill out 4
Guess what 4
School of the air. 5
UNIT 2 5
2a. HISTORY’S HALL OF FAME. 5
Using a dictionary: 5
Past time WH– questions: 6
Victorian houses. 6
Elizabethan houses. 6
2b. USED TO VS. PAST SIMPLE 6
Open Air Museum 6
2c. LITERATURE CORNER 6
VISIT JORVIK THE VIKING CITY 7
2d. NOW I CAN 7
life in tudor times 7
UNIT 3 7
3a. THE SENTENCES BELOW ARE FROM THE FOLLOWING DIALOGUE. 7
3b. EXPLORING GRAMMAR 7
3c. EXPLORING GRAMMAR 8
UNIT 4 8
4a. VOCABULARY WEATHER & SEASONS 8
4b. VOCABULARY 8
4c. EXPLORING GRAMMAR 8
UNIT 5 8
5a. NEWS FLASH! 8
“I’M NOT A HERO,” SAYS PILOT 9
STUDY SKILLS 9
THE GREAT PLAGUE 9
5b. PAST CONTINUOUS 10
5c. PAST PERFECT 10
UNIT 1
1a. MOMENTS IN LIFE
In this module you will…
Listen, read and talk about…
Jobs & personal qualities
Daily & free- time activities
Famous people of the past & their
Achievements
Nationalities
Feelings
House & furniture
Learn how to…
Describe people’s jobs
Talk about your daily routine
Make & respond to request
Ask for/ give personal information
Make/ respond to suggestions
Talk about past experiences
Practice…
Present simple & adverbs of frequency
Present continuous
Present continuous (future meaning) & going to
Past simple
Used to
Do a project about…
Jobs in your country
A history quiz
Tudor kings & Queen
Write…
Your own web page about your daily routine
Notes
An email to a friend about what you are doing this summer
An article about a school in your country
A short biography
An article about a visit to a museum
1b. WORK DAY
Sink your teeth into this!
Sharks terrify most of us, but Daniel Weaver, shark scientist, swims with them for a living! We asked him some questions about his curious career.
So Daniel, what’s it like to be a shark scientist?
Well, it’s an extremely rewarding job. I often travel to faraway places likes South Africa and Fiji to study sharks. We Attach tags to them and follow them by Satellite. Then, I analyze the data and discover new amazing things about the sharks. It’s very exciting! On the other hand, a shark scientist sometimes does boring desk work.
What qualities do you need to become a shark scientist?
Shark Scientist needs to be intelligent and physically fit. The enjoy working outdoors and they have to be calm and patient. They also have to quite brave!
So do you think it’s a dangerous job?
Well, sharks have up to 15 rows of sharp teeth, extremely strong jaws and excellent senses. The also swim very fast. There are over 350 species of sharks in the world and only about 10 are dangerous to us. In fact, dogs kill more people every year than sharks! Humans kill over 12 millions sharks a year for food and sport!
3 make notes under the questions in the text. Use them to give a summary of the next.
Jobs
4 witches of the adjectives below can describe the job of shark scientist, doctor, teacher, detective porter?
Interesting * exciting * dangerous * stressful * boring *Relaxing * difficult * demanding
Tiring *rewarding
I think a shark scientist’s job is interesting because they travel to faraway places.
Pronunciation
Bank check *waiter * lawyer *bus driver * security guard * shop assistant * writer *hairdresser * bodyguard * mechanic * Nurse *journalist * pilot *secretary * receptionist *firefighter * graphic designer * teacher
Which qualities are necessary for each job?
Intelligent * brave * psychical fit *calm * reliable * friendly * patient * polite * creative * imaginative * skillful * caring
1c. ROUND THE CLOCK
Daily Activities
Routines
Do You?
Get up early on weekdays
Have (a big) breakfast/lunch/dinner
Catch the bus to school/work
Go to bed late
Do homework
Work out in the gym
Free time
Do You?
Read newspaper/magazine/books
Go to the zoo
Listen to music
Play sports
Meet friends
Watch DVD’s
Go jogging
Chores
Do you?
Vacuum the floor
Make the beds
Mow the lawn
Walk the dog
Take out the rubbish
Iron the clothes
Do the shopping
Do the washing up
Dust the furniture
1 which of the activities above does you rarely/often/sometimes/usually/always do? Which do you do every day/morning/afternoon? Once/twice a week? At weekends?
I always get up early on weekends. I catch the bus to school every morning. I meet my friends once a week.
What is a typical day for you? Use the time phrases to write down your daily routines. In Paris, compare your list
A: what time do you get up?
B: At 7 o’clock. And you?
C: Well, I get up at half past seven, etc
Chill out
Are You a Party Animal or a Home Bird?
1 A classmate is having a party on Saturday
What are you going to do?
A You’re going to stay in, there’s a great film on TV
B You’re going to go, but you’re not crazy about the idea
C You’re definitely going to go, you can’t wait! Going to a wedding reception and you don’t know people. How do you feel?
A. Horrible. You really don’t want to go
B. A bit nervous, but you’re going to try to be sociable.
C. Great! You love meeting new people
3. Your parents are going away this weekend.
What are you going to do?
A. You’re going to rent DVDs and relax at home.
B You’re going dancing with friends
4. You’re friend’s calls to invite you out for coffee but you’re comfortable on the sofa and a little bit tired- What are you going to do?
Making Suggestions
Why don’t we?
What about + ing?
Would you like to?
Let’s
Shall we?
Responding
That’s a good idea…
Sure, I’d love to!
Why not?
Sorry, I can’t
I’m Afraid, I can’t
I’d love to but…
Guess what
Well, that’s my news! How about you? Write and tell me what you’re doing this summer! Are you just relaxing or have you got a job?
1 Hi Samantha! Great to hear from you. Guess that – I’ve got a summer job! I’m working at magic mountain theme park just out of town. It’s amazing
2 In the mornings. I usually greet visitors at the main entrance. I answer their questions, show them where to buy their tickets and give them a map of the park. In the afternoon. I help in one of the gift shops inside the park we’re always busy, so I get very tired.
3 So far, I’m really enjoying the job! You don’t need a lot of experience, but you have to be cheerful and outgoing because you deal with people every day. I’m the working there for another two months. Why don’t you apply for a job there too? That would be great!
4 Anyway, that’s all for now. Write back soon.
Culture clip.
School of the air.
In Australia, many families live a long way from a town, so the nearest school is often very far away. For this reason, many children attend a very different kind of school. It is called the school on the Air because the students have lessons over the radio. Most areas have a school like this for children between 4 and 12 years old. They study at home, but they are still members of a class. The children have radio lessons with their class three times a week. Each lesson is about 30 minutes. Students also have a 10-minute private lesson with their teachers once a week.
The school provides the radio, books, videos and other resources. The children send their work to the teacher once a week. The teachers prepare the lessons and the children’s parents help them to do their work at home. Teachers and students also communicate by phone, fax and e-mail and the teachers visits children at home at least once a year. The school of the Air may sound like a strange idea. For the isolated students of Australia it’s the only way to learn.
UNIT 2
2a. HISTORY’S HALL OF FAME.
The Master.
Ludwig Van Beethoven was born in 1770 in Bonn, Germany. He was the eldest of three boys. His father and grandfather were musicians. Ludwig started learning the violin and piano at a very early age. In 1783 he published his first composition. He was only 13. in 1787 he travelled to Vienna to study under Mozart, but returned to Bonn because his mother was dying. After her death he moved to Vienna. He never returned to his hometown. In 1795 he gave his first public performance as a pianist. It was a success. In the late 1790s, Beethoven began to lose his hearing and by 1819 he has completely deaf. It was during this period that he wrote some of his most famous compositions like Moonlight (1801), Eroica (1804), Pastoral (1808) and Emperor (1809). After he became deaf, he continued to compose great music which was joyful and optimistic. In his later years, he was lonely and depressed and didn’t write much. Although he fell in love several times he never married. Beethoven died in March 26, 1827 in Vienna after he caught pneumonia. More than 10,000 people came to his funeral. Beethoven was the first composer who used to music to express deep feelings and ideas, such as his belief in freedom and heroism. Every today he is, for many people, the greatest composer ever.
Past simple (regular and irregular verbs)
Be - was/were. Start- started. Publish - published. Travel - travelled. Return - returned. Give - gave. Begin - began. Write - wrote. Become - became. Continue - continued. Fall - felt. Marry - married. Die - died. Catch - caught. Come - came.
We use the past simple for:
An action which happened at a specific time in the past.
Actions which are related to people no longer alive.
Reliving the past.
Using a dictionary:
When you look up a word in a dictionary, you can see if it is a verb, a noun, and adjective etc by looking at the symbols next to the word (N, V, ADJ, etc).
Danny: Hi, John. How was your weekend?
John: Well, nothing special. I just relaxed at home. What about you?
Danny: Oh, I had a great time.
John: Really, where did you go?
Danny: I went to Hastings, - you know, where the famous Battle of Hastings took place in 1066.
John: Oh, yes - that’s the only date I remember from my History class! So what did you there?
Danny: I watched a re-enactment of the battle!
John: You’re kidding! What was it like?
Danny: oh, you’ve got to see it! It was amazing! The two armies put up a real fight! You know knights in medieval armor, with sword, spears, axes…
John: Wow! Did you take any photos of them?
Danny: Oh, I took loads of photos! We also spoke to some of the soldiers.
John: So, who won the battle?
Danny: The Normans of course! Didn’t you know that?
John: I told you. History wasn’t my favorite lesson!
Past time WH– questions:
Look at the examples. Which questions asks about the subject/object of the sentence? How is each question formed? Find examples in the dialogue and the quiz below.
Talking about a past experience.
Use the language below to make short exchanges as in the example.
How was your (weekend/summer/holiday etc)?
How did you spend (your weekend etc)?
What did you do (at the weekend/during summer etc)?
It was great/fantastic/amazing/boring etc.
I had a great time.
Nothing special.
I went/visited/saw/met etc).
Homes of the past.
Victorian houses.
The early Victorians liked large houses with plenty of decoration. Later in the Victorian period, houses were simple and plain. Wealthy people used to live spacious large detached houses with lots of rooms and expensive furniture. Servants used to live small the top floor of the house or the attic. The exterior of the house attractive a work of art with a steep tiled roof, tall chimney pots and large bay windows decorated stained glass. Sometimes, they had a front porch and steps up to the front door. Working people used to live in terraced brick houses with a simple exterior. Those houses were small, with two to four rooms. Ugly was no electricity, no water and no toilet.
Elizabethan houses.
Elizabethan manor houses often had an E-shape to show respect for your queen. They had brick walls with strong wooden frames. The houses were spacious and comfortable with a large hall, a dining room and fence bedrooms. The furniture was big and elaborated and four-poster beds were very popular. Many people use to have servants. They used to live in rooms in the attic.
2b. USED TO VS. PAST SIMPLE
A past state or habit that doesn’t happen anymore?
An action/event that happened at the specific time in the past?
People used to travel by coach then. (But now they don’t – they use cars)
John went to the ‘Victorian Experience’ museum last week.
Listening to identify key information:
Read the list. Think of words related to each item.
While listening, focus on words related to those in
the list. This will help you do the task
Special days
Beamish
Open Air Museum
Las week’s class visit took us to Durham, in the North of England. It also took as back two hundred years into the past.
Beamish covers 125 hectares and has two amazing ‘little worlds’ from the past – a market town, railway station, farm and coalmining village, all from 1913, and a manor house and railway from 1825. Visitors can explore each area, watching people acting out the typical daily life of the time. The people’s clothes, vehicles, buildings and furniture are all from the period.
First we walked around the town, with its old fashioned shops, offices and houses. The friendly museum staffs, wearing historical costumes, were happy to answer our questions. We had a quick lunch at the picnic site, and then we went on a genuine 1910 tram to beautiful Pockerley Manor. The experience was fascinating, as we had the chance to see what it was like to live in those times.
We had a wonderful time at Beamish. It’s a great place for a day out and I’m not surprised it won the title of Britain’s Best Museum in 2005.
Using descriptive language:
When narrating an experience, use lots of adjectives. They make your writing more interesting to the reader.
2c. LITERATURE CORNER
Charlie & the chocolate factory
Ronald Dahl (1916-1990) was born in Wales in the uk. He started his writing career as an author of short stories for adults. Then, in 1961, wrote a story called James and the giant peach for his own children. it became a best seller. Several other best sellers followed, including Charlie and the factory.
The book is about a strange man, Mr. Wonka, and his mysterious chocolate factory, where he makes amazing, magical sweets. His workers are Oompa-loompas-doll-sized people with long hair, who love dancing and making up songs.
VISIT JORVIK THE VIKING CITY
Discover what life was really like for the Vikings over 1000 years ago
Visit a real Viking street and see the shops and houses that once stood there.
Learn about what the Vikings ate, how they worked and what made them ill.
Find out how the Viking made their clothes, shoes, jewelery, and try them on for yourself at the fearsome craftsmen exhibition.
Buy souvenirs at the JORVIK shop
Entrance: £ 7.20 adults
5.10 children
6.10 seniors & students
Open every day except 25th December
Address: JORVIK, copper gate, York.
2d. NOW I CAN
Talk about jobs & job qualities
Talk/write about daily routine/ free-time activities
Talk about famous people
Talk/write about life in the past & past experiences
Write an email about my summer plans
Write an article about a visit to a museum.
Makes notes under the headings the rich and the poor. User your notes to tell a partner the differences between the two.
life in tudor times
The six powerful Tudor kings and queens ruled England from 1485-1603. The most famous king was Henry VIII, who married six times and beheaded two of his wives! It was one of the most exciting times in British history, but whether you were rich or poor, life could be very difficult.
Rich Tudors lived in the houses with many rooms and big windows. Poor country people lived in small wooden houses with mud floors. In the towns, the streets were narrow, gloomy and crowded, which made it easy for criminals to steal from shops and people.
Wealthy people and noblemen owned land or even helped the king or queen to rule the country. Most people, however, were poor and worked in the countryside.
In Tudor times, rich people often held huge banquets where they ate far too much! They had quite an unhealthy diet as they ate lots of very salty meat from the animals they owned or hunted.
It was the law that every man had to practice archery every Sunday morning! Rich people liked to fence and play tennis while ordinary people played games like bowls, hockey and football or went to the theatre.
UNIT 3
3a. THE SENTENCES BELOW ARE FROM THE FOLLOWING DIALOGUE.
A: Good morning- sunrise travel. How may I help you?
B: Hi! I’ve just seen an advert for a cruise in the newspaper and I’d like to find out more about it.
A: Certainly. Was that the Mediterranean or the Caribbean cruise?
B: Actually, I can’t remember now! Which one would you recommend?
A: Well …when would you like to go?
B: Erm …early summer if possible.
A: Right, well, there’s a Mediterranean cruise departing on 11th June for eight nights.
B: OK. How much does that one cost?
A: Prices start from £450 per person if you share a twin cabin.
B: That sounds great. I’ll discuss it whit my wife and get back to you tomorrow morning.
A: Certainly, sir. Goodbye.
3b. EXPLORING GRAMMAR
Present Perfect
Match the adverbs in bold to the meaning:
At no time, a short time ago, at any time, until now, before now.
1. - She has al ready booked the tickets.
2. - He has just posted the letters.
3. - They haven’t been to Moscow yet.
4. - She has never travelled by train.
5. - Have you ever tried paella?
3c. EXPLORING GRAMMAR
Present perfect VS Past simple
Compare the sentences. Which tense is used for an action that happened?
At an unstated time in the past?
At a definite time in the past? (Stated or implied)
We’ve put up the decorations. (When? We don’t know.)
She finished an hour ago. (When? An hour ago.)
Was the weather good when you were on holiday? (When? When you were on holiday. - time is stated)
UNIT 4
4a. VOCABULARY WEATHER & SEASONS
Snowy, sunny, rainy (wet), foggy, cloudy, windy
4b. VOCABULARY
Desert, river, mountain, lake, forest, valley, waterfall, sea, beach
Exploring Grammar
Comparatives/superlatives
Read the sentences. Which form do we use to compare
Two people, places, things etc?
More than two people, places, things etc?
The Eiffel tower is taller than the leaning tower of Pisa.
The Empire State Building is the tallest of the three.
How do we form the comparative and superlative of: short adjectives (one syllable)? Longer adjectives (two or more syllables)? Are there any changes in spelling? Which adjectives are irregular? Adjective big, comparative bigger than, superlative the biggest of.
Vocabulary animals
Goose, fox, tortoise, deer, peacock, elephant, snake, goat, sheep, owl, zebra, rhino, parrot, lizard, alligator, eagle, goldfish, stork, kangaroo, rabbit, dolphin, wolf, tiger, giraffe, camel, polar bear, hamster, pigeon, monkey
4c. EXPLORING GRAMMAR
Comparative structures
Read the theory. Use the adjectives to compare animals from the picture.
Much + comparative form of the adjective: Dogs are much friendlier that cats.
As + adjective + as: This dog is as friendly as that rhinos.
This dog is as friendly as than one
Friendly, playful, noisy, smart, cute, short, beautiful, funny, clean, heavy, long, tall
Elephants are much heavier than rhinos
Giving advice, how about (verb + ing)…? Why don’t you (inf)…? Have you thought of (verb + ing)
Accepting, great idea! I think you’re right. Rejecting I’m not sure…, I don’t think it’s such a good idea…
Advice 1. Take him to the vet, 2. Take him for regular walks, 3. Buy toys (as since because)
Reason a. dogs love to chew things, b. needs different injections/regular check-ups, c. exercise is really important for dogs.
UNIT 5
5a. NEWS FLASH!
Accidents & disasters
1. Five dead in factory blast
2. Multi-car crash horrors
3. Girl mistakes weed killer for cola
4. Pensioners perishes in fire
5. Oil slick disaster
6. 50 killed as trains collide
7. Boy (10) missing in lake
8. 100s feared dead after plane hits apartment block
“I’M NOT A HERO,” SAYS PILOT
The pilot of the midlands airways 747, who made an emergency landing outside Frankfurt yesterday afternoon, insists that he’s not a hero. However, he saved the lives of 4 crew members and 194 passengers.
“I just did what I had to do,” says pilot Russell Armstrong. “The plane was experiencing problems because we had flow into a freak storm. The onboard computer had crashed and we couldn’t make contact with air traffic control. it was pouring with rain and it was very dark. Suddenly, a huge bolt of lightning hit the plane. I was terrified that the plane would crash.” Armstrong decided to make an emergency landing. He eventually landed the plane in a field outside Frankfurt.
“It was the first time I’ve had to make an emergency landing, and I’m just glad I got everyone to safety,” Russell says. “I don’t want praise, though. I was just doing my job.” the passengers of midland airways flight ma 234 took a different view, however. “I don’t care what anyone says,” said passenger Irene Kent. “Russell Armstrong is a hero.”
We use the past perfect for an action which happened before another action in the past. He had left when ann. came.
The two girls were very frightened. They jumped out of bed and ran onto the landing. Flames were slowly climbing up the stairs. The air was hot and thick with smoke. “You wake mum and dad,” said Kate. “I have to call the fire brigade”.
As soon as the fire was finally out, one the fire fighters came over to Kate and Lucy. “You were very brave,” he said. “You acted very quickly. Well done!” everybody smiled. They were relieved that the nightmare was over.
It was a cool night and Kate was lying awake in bed. Her sister, Lucy, was sleeping peacefully on the other side of the room. She had come home late and was tired. Kate didn’t know what had woke her up, but she felt that something was wrong.
When the fire brigade arrived, the whole families were standing by an upstairs window. The fire fighters climbed up a ladder and carried them down to safety. Then, they put out the fire with long hoses.
Suddenly, she smelt a strange burning smell. She sat up in bed. “Lucy!” she said. “What is it?” Lucy asked, as she opened her eyes. “Can you smell smoke?” asked Kate. Lucy sniffed the air. “Yes”, she said. “Oh no! The house is on fire!”
STUDY SKILLS
Sequence of events
Before you start writing, decide on the main character(s), setting & time and what events you will include. Write the events in the order they happened. This helps the reader understand the story more easily.
THE GREAT PLAGUE
In England, Mary children enjoy playing the game of ring a ring o’ roses. They stand in a circle and then skip around, singing the song until the last line, when they all fall down. Where does this song come from?
Many people believe that the song is about the great plague of London, in 1665, when about 100,000 people died from a mysterious disease. The roses refer to the rosy rash which was the first sign that someone had the disease. To hide the smell of the plague, people filled their pockets with flowers and this is the meaning behind the second line. Later, sufferers of the disease would cough and sneeze, making an “ah-tishoo!” sound, before the end finally came and they fell down dead.
The first recorded case of the plague was on April 12, 1665, but by July of that year it had spread through London. By September, 7,000 people were dying every week and many chose to leave London. A small number of doctors stayed to fight the plague, but nobody knew that rats were carrying the disease around the city’s dirty streets.
The plague continued in London until September, 1666, when the great fire of London burned down many of the streets where the rats lived. Afterwards, Sir Christopher wren designed clean streets for London and the plague didn’t return. London survived both disasters and today only the words of a children’s song remind us of the deadly disease.
5b. PAST CONTINUOUS
We use the past continuous (was/were + verb –ing)
For an action which was in progress when another action interrupted it. We use the past continuous for the action in past progress and the past simple for the action which interrupted is. We were having ginner when the bell rang
For two or more simultaneous actions in the past. They were the watching TV while Steve was preparing lunch
5c. PAST PERFECT
We use the past perfect (had + past participle)
For an action which happened before another past action or before a stated time in the past.
For an action which finished in the past and whose result was visible at a later point in the past.
Upstream, elementary A2
Evans, Virginia. Dooley, Jenny
Express Publishing
UNIT 1 2
1a. MOMENTS IN LIFE 2
1b. WORK DAY 3
Jobs 3
Pronunciation 3
1c. ROUND THE CLOCK 3
Chill out 4
Guess what 4
School of the air. 5
UNIT 2 5
2a. HISTORY’S HALL OF FAME. 5
Using a dictionary: 5
Past time WH– questions: 6
Victorian houses. 6
Elizabethan houses. 6
2b. USED TO VS. PAST SIMPLE 6
Open Air Museum 6
2c. LITERATURE CORNER 6
VISIT JORVIK THE VIKING CITY 7
2d. NOW I CAN 7
life in tudor times 7
UNIT 3 7
3a. THE SENTENCES BELOW ARE FROM THE FOLLOWING DIALOGUE. 7
3b. EXPLORING GRAMMAR 7
3c. EXPLORING GRAMMAR 8
UNIT 4 8
4a. VOCABULARY WEATHER & SEASONS 8
4b. VOCABULARY 8
4c. EXPLORING GRAMMAR 8
UNIT 5 8
5a. NEWS FLASH! 8
“I’M NOT A HERO,” SAYS PILOT 9
STUDY SKILLS 9
THE GREAT PLAGUE 9
5b. PAST CONTINUOUS 10
5c. PAST PERFECT 10
UNIT 1
1a. MOMENTS IN LIFE
In this module you will…
Listen, read and talk about…
Jobs & personal qualities
Daily & free- time activities
Famous people of the past & their
Achievements
Nationalities
Feelings
House & furniture
Learn how to…
Describe people’s jobs
Talk about your daily routine
Make & respond to request
Ask for/ give personal information
Make/ respond to suggestions
Talk about past experiences
Practice…
Present simple & adverbs of frequency
Present continuous
Present continuous (future meaning) & going to
Past simple
Used to
Do a project about…
Jobs in your country
A history quiz
Tudor kings & Queen
Write…
Your own web page about your daily routine
Notes
An email to a friend about what you are doing this summer
An article about a school in your country
A short biography
An article about a visit to a museum
1b. WORK DAY
Sink your teeth into this!
Sharks terrify most of us, but Daniel Weaver, shark scientist, swims with them for a living! We asked him some questions about his curious career.
So Daniel, what’s it like to be a shark scientist?
Well, it’s an extremely rewarding job. I often travel to faraway places likes South Africa and Fiji to study sharks. We Attach tags to them and follow them by Satellite. Then, I analyze the data and discover new amazing things about the sharks. It’s very exciting! On the other hand, a shark scientist sometimes does boring desk work.
What qualities do you need to become a shark scientist?
Shark Scientist needs to be intelligent and physically fit. The enjoy working outdoors and they have to be calm and patient. They also have to quite brave!
So do you think it’s a dangerous job?
Well, sharks have up to 15 rows of sharp teeth, extremely strong jaws and excellent senses. The also swim very fast. There are over 350 species of sharks in the world and only about 10 are dangerous to us. In fact, dogs kill more people every year than sharks! Humans kill over 12 millions sharks a year for food and sport!
3 make notes under the questions in the text. Use them to give a summary of the next.
Jobs
4 witches of the adjectives below can describe the job of shark scientist, doctor, teacher, detective porter?
Interesting * exciting * dangerous * stressful * boring *Relaxing * difficult * demanding
Tiring *rewarding
I think a shark scientist’s job is interesting because they travel to faraway places.
Pronunciation
Bank check *waiter * lawyer *bus driver * security guard * shop assistant * writer *hairdresser * bodyguard * mechanic * Nurse *journalist * pilot *secretary * receptionist *firefighter * graphic designer * teacher
Which qualities are necessary for each job?
Intelligent * brave * psychical fit *calm * reliable * friendly * patient * polite * creative * imaginative * skillful * caring
1c. ROUND THE CLOCK
Daily Activities
Routines
Do You?
Get up early on weekdays
Have (a big) breakfast/lunch/dinner
Catch the bus to school/work
Go to bed late
Do homework
Work out in the gym
Free time
Do You?
Read newspaper/magazine/books
Go to the zoo
Listen to music
Play sports
Meet friends
Watch DVD’s
Go jogging
Chores
Do you?
Vacuum the floor
Make the beds
Mow the lawn
Walk the dog
Take out the rubbish
Iron the clothes
Do the shopping
Do the washing up
Dust the furniture
1 which of the activities above does you rarely/often/sometimes/usually/always do? Which do you do every day/morning/afternoon? Once/twice a week? At weekends?
I always get up early on weekends. I catch the bus to school every morning. I meet my friends once a week.
What is a typical day for you? Use the time phrases to write down your daily routines. In Paris, compare your list
A: what time do you get up?
B: At 7 o’clock. And you?
C: Well, I get up at half past seven, etc
Chill out
Are You a Party Animal or a Home Bird?
1 A classmate is having a party on Saturday
What are you going to do?
A You’re going to stay in, there’s a great film on TV
B You’re going to go, but you’re not crazy about the idea
C You’re definitely going to go, you can’t wait! Going to a wedding reception and you don’t know people. How do you feel?
A. Horrible. You really don’t want to go
B. A bit nervous, but you’re going to try to be sociable.
C. Great! You love meeting new people
3. Your parents are going away this weekend.
What are you going to do?
A. You’re going to rent DVDs and relax at home.
B You’re going dancing with friends
4. You’re friend’s calls to invite you out for coffee but you’re comfortable on the sofa and a little bit tired- What are you going to do?
Making Suggestions
Why don’t we?
What about + ing?
Would you like to?
Let’s
Shall we?
Responding
That’s a good idea…
Sure, I’d love to!
Why not?
Sorry, I can’t
I’m Afraid, I can’t
I’d love to but…
Guess what
Well, that’s my news! How about you? Write and tell me what you’re doing this summer! Are you just relaxing or have you got a job?
1 Hi Samantha! Great to hear from you. Guess that – I’ve got a summer job! I’m working at magic mountain theme park just out of town. It’s amazing
2 In the mornings. I usually greet visitors at the main entrance. I answer their questions, show them where to buy their tickets and give them a map of the park. In the afternoon. I help in one of the gift shops inside the park we’re always busy, so I get very tired.
3 So far, I’m really enjoying the job! You don’t need a lot of experience, but you have to be cheerful and outgoing because you deal with people every day. I’m the working there for another two months. Why don’t you apply for a job there too? That would be great!
4 Anyway, that’s all for now. Write back soon.
Culture clip.
School of the air.
In Australia, many families live a long way from a town, so the nearest school is often very far away. For this reason, many children attend a very different kind of school. It is called the school on the Air because the students have lessons over the radio. Most areas have a school like this for children between 4 and 12 years old. They study at home, but they are still members of a class. The children have radio lessons with their class three times a week. Each lesson is about 30 minutes. Students also have a 10-minute private lesson with their teachers once a week.
The school provides the radio, books, videos and other resources. The children send their work to the teacher once a week. The teachers prepare the lessons and the children’s parents help them to do their work at home. Teachers and students also communicate by phone, fax and e-mail and the teachers visits children at home at least once a year. The school of the Air may sound like a strange idea. For the isolated students of Australia it’s the only way to learn.
UNIT 2
2a. HISTORY’S HALL OF FAME.
The Master.
Ludwig Van Beethoven was born in 1770 in Bonn, Germany. He was the eldest of three boys. His father and grandfather were musicians. Ludwig started learning the violin and piano at a very early age. In 1783 he published his first composition. He was only 13. in 1787 he travelled to Vienna to study under Mozart, but returned to Bonn because his mother was dying. After her death he moved to Vienna. He never returned to his hometown. In 1795 he gave his first public performance as a pianist. It was a success. In the late 1790s, Beethoven began to lose his hearing and by 1819 he has completely deaf. It was during this period that he wrote some of his most famous compositions like Moonlight (1801), Eroica (1804), Pastoral (1808) and Emperor (1809). After he became deaf, he continued to compose great music which was joyful and optimistic. In his later years, he was lonely and depressed and didn’t write much. Although he fell in love several times he never married. Beethoven died in March 26, 1827 in Vienna after he caught pneumonia. More than 10,000 people came to his funeral. Beethoven was the first composer who used to music to express deep feelings and ideas, such as his belief in freedom and heroism. Every today he is, for many people, the greatest composer ever.
Past simple (regular and irregular verbs)
Be - was/were. Start- started. Publish - published. Travel - travelled. Return - returned. Give - gave. Begin - began. Write - wrote. Become - became. Continue - continued. Fall - felt. Marry - married. Die - died. Catch - caught. Come - came.
We use the past simple for:
An action which happened at a specific time in the past.
Actions which are related to people no longer alive.
Reliving the past.
Using a dictionary:
When you look up a word in a dictionary, you can see if it is a verb, a noun, and adjective etc by looking at the symbols next to the word (N, V, ADJ, etc).
Danny: Hi, John. How was your weekend?
John: Well, nothing special. I just relaxed at home. What about you?
Danny: Oh, I had a great time.
John: Really, where did you go?
Danny: I went to Hastings, - you know, where the famous Battle of Hastings took place in 1066.
John: Oh, yes - that’s the only date I remember from my History class! So what did you there?
Danny: I watched a re-enactment of the battle!
John: You’re kidding! What was it like?
Danny: oh, you’ve got to see it! It was amazing! The two armies put up a real fight! You know knights in medieval armor, with sword, spears, axes…
John: Wow! Did you take any photos of them?
Danny: Oh, I took loads of photos! We also spoke to some of the soldiers.
John: So, who won the battle?
Danny: The Normans of course! Didn’t you know that?
John: I told you. History wasn’t my favorite lesson!
Past time WH– questions:
Look at the examples. Which questions asks about the subject/object of the sentence? How is each question formed? Find examples in the dialogue and the quiz below.
Talking about a past experience.
Use the language below to make short exchanges as in the example.
How was your (weekend/summer/holiday etc)?
How did you spend (your weekend etc)?
What did you do (at the weekend/during summer etc)?
It was great/fantastic/amazing/boring etc.
I had a great time.
Nothing special.
I went/visited/saw/met etc).
Homes of the past.
Victorian houses.
The early Victorians liked large houses with plenty of decoration. Later in the Victorian period, houses were simple and plain. Wealthy people used to live spacious large detached houses with lots of rooms and expensive furniture. Servants used to live small the top floor of the house or the attic. The exterior of the house attractive a work of art with a steep tiled roof, tall chimney pots and large bay windows decorated stained glass. Sometimes, they had a front porch and steps up to the front door. Working people used to live in terraced brick houses with a simple exterior. Those houses were small, with two to four rooms. Ugly was no electricity, no water and no toilet.
Elizabethan houses.
Elizabethan manor houses often had an E-shape to show respect for your queen. They had brick walls with strong wooden frames. The houses were spacious and comfortable with a large hall, a dining room and fence bedrooms. The furniture was big and elaborated and four-poster beds were very popular. Many people use to have servants. They used to live in rooms in the attic.
2b. USED TO VS. PAST SIMPLE
A past state or habit that doesn’t happen anymore?
An action/event that happened at the specific time in the past?
People used to travel by coach then. (But now they don’t – they use cars)
John went to the ‘Victorian Experience’ museum last week.
Listening to identify key information:
Read the list. Think of words related to each item.
While listening, focus on words related to those in
the list. This will help you do the task
Special days
Beamish
Open Air Museum
Las week’s class visit took us to Durham, in the North of England. It also took as back two hundred years into the past.
Beamish covers 125 hectares and has two amazing ‘little worlds’ from the past – a market town, railway station, farm and coalmining village, all from 1913, and a manor house and railway from 1825. Visitors can explore each area, watching people acting out the typical daily life of the time. The people’s clothes, vehicles, buildings and furniture are all from the period.
First we walked around the town, with its old fashioned shops, offices and houses. The friendly museum staffs, wearing historical costumes, were happy to answer our questions. We had a quick lunch at the picnic site, and then we went on a genuine 1910 tram to beautiful Pockerley Manor. The experience was fascinating, as we had the chance to see what it was like to live in those times.
We had a wonderful time at Beamish. It’s a great place for a day out and I’m not surprised it won the title of Britain’s Best Museum in 2005.
Using descriptive language:
When narrating an experience, use lots of adjectives. They make your writing more interesting to the reader.
2c. LITERATURE CORNER
Charlie & the chocolate factory
Ronald Dahl (1916-1990) was born in Wales in the uk. He started his writing career as an author of short stories for adults. Then, in 1961, wrote a story called James and the giant peach for his own children. it became a best seller. Several other best sellers followed, including Charlie and the factory.
The book is about a strange man, Mr. Wonka, and his mysterious chocolate factory, where he makes amazing, magical sweets. His workers are Oompa-loompas-doll-sized people with long hair, who love dancing and making up songs.
VISIT JORVIK THE VIKING CITY
Discover what life was really like for the Vikings over 1000 years ago
Visit a real Viking street and see the shops and houses that once stood there.
Learn about what the Vikings ate, how they worked and what made them ill.
Find out how the Viking made their clothes, shoes, jewelery, and try them on for yourself at the fearsome craftsmen exhibition.
Buy souvenirs at the JORVIK shop
Entrance: £ 7.20 adults
5.10 children
6.10 seniors & students
Open every day except 25th December
Address: JORVIK, copper gate, York.
2d. NOW I CAN
Talk about jobs & job qualities
Talk/write about daily routine/ free-time activities
Talk about famous people
Talk/write about life in the past & past experiences
Write an email about my summer plans
Write an article about a visit to a museum.
Makes notes under the headings the rich and the poor. User your notes to tell a partner the differences between the two.
life in tudor times
The six powerful Tudor kings and queens ruled England from 1485-1603. The most famous king was Henry VIII, who married six times and beheaded two of his wives! It was one of the most exciting times in British history, but whether you were rich or poor, life could be very difficult.
Rich Tudors lived in the houses with many rooms and big windows. Poor country people lived in small wooden houses with mud floors. In the towns, the streets were narrow, gloomy and crowded, which made it easy for criminals to steal from shops and people.
Wealthy people and noblemen owned land or even helped the king or queen to rule the country. Most people, however, were poor and worked in the countryside.
In Tudor times, rich people often held huge banquets where they ate far too much! They had quite an unhealthy diet as they ate lots of very salty meat from the animals they owned or hunted.
It was the law that every man had to practice archery every Sunday morning! Rich people liked to fence and play tennis while ordinary people played games like bowls, hockey and football or went to the theatre.
UNIT 3
3a. THE SENTENCES BELOW ARE FROM THE FOLLOWING DIALOGUE.
A: Good morning- sunrise travel. How may I help you?
B: Hi! I’ve just seen an advert for a cruise in the newspaper and I’d like to find out more about it.
A: Certainly. Was that the Mediterranean or the Caribbean cruise?
B: Actually, I can’t remember now! Which one would you recommend?
A: Well …when would you like to go?
B: Erm …early summer if possible.
A: Right, well, there’s a Mediterranean cruise departing on 11th June for eight nights.
B: OK. How much does that one cost?
A: Prices start from £450 per person if you share a twin cabin.
B: That sounds great. I’ll discuss it whit my wife and get back to you tomorrow morning.
A: Certainly, sir. Goodbye.
3b. EXPLORING GRAMMAR
Present Perfect
Match the adverbs in bold to the meaning:
At no time, a short time ago, at any time, until now, before now.
1. - She has al ready booked the tickets.
2. - He has just posted the letters.
3. - They haven’t been to Moscow yet.
4. - She has never travelled by train.
5. - Have you ever tried paella?
3c. EXPLORING GRAMMAR
Present perfect VS Past simple
Compare the sentences. Which tense is used for an action that happened?
At an unstated time in the past?
At a definite time in the past? (Stated or implied)
We’ve put up the decorations. (When? We don’t know.)
She finished an hour ago. (When? An hour ago.)
Was the weather good when you were on holiday? (When? When you were on holiday. - time is stated)
UNIT 4
4a. VOCABULARY WEATHER & SEASONS
Snowy, sunny, rainy (wet), foggy, cloudy, windy
4b. VOCABULARY
Desert, river, mountain, lake, forest, valley, waterfall, sea, beach
Exploring Grammar
Comparatives/superlatives
Read the sentences. Which form do we use to compare
Two people, places, things etc?
More than two people, places, things etc?
The Eiffel tower is taller than the leaning tower of Pisa.
The Empire State Building is the tallest of the three.
How do we form the comparative and superlative of: short adjectives (one syllable)? Longer adjectives (two or more syllables)? Are there any changes in spelling? Which adjectives are irregular? Adjective big, comparative bigger than, superlative the biggest of.
Vocabulary animals
Goose, fox, tortoise, deer, peacock, elephant, snake, goat, sheep, owl, zebra, rhino, parrot, lizard, alligator, eagle, goldfish, stork, kangaroo, rabbit, dolphin, wolf, tiger, giraffe, camel, polar bear, hamster, pigeon, monkey
4c. EXPLORING GRAMMAR
Comparative structures
Read the theory. Use the adjectives to compare animals from the picture.
Much + comparative form of the adjective: Dogs are much friendlier that cats.
As + adjective + as: This dog is as friendly as that rhinos.
This dog is as friendly as than one
Friendly, playful, noisy, smart, cute, short, beautiful, funny, clean, heavy, long, tall
Elephants are much heavier than rhinos
Giving advice, how about (verb + ing)…? Why don’t you (inf)…? Have you thought of (verb + ing)
Accepting, great idea! I think you’re right. Rejecting I’m not sure…, I don’t think it’s such a good idea…
Advice 1. Take him to the vet, 2. Take him for regular walks, 3. Buy toys (as since because)
Reason a. dogs love to chew things, b. needs different injections/regular check-ups, c. exercise is really important for dogs.
UNIT 5
5a. NEWS FLASH!
Accidents & disasters
1. Five dead in factory blast
2. Multi-car crash horrors
3. Girl mistakes weed killer for cola
4. Pensioners perishes in fire
5. Oil slick disaster
6. 50 killed as trains collide
7. Boy (10) missing in lake
8. 100s feared dead after plane hits apartment block
“I’M NOT A HERO,” SAYS PILOT
The pilot of the midlands airways 747, who made an emergency landing outside Frankfurt yesterday afternoon, insists that he’s not a hero. However, he saved the lives of 4 crew members and 194 passengers.
“I just did what I had to do,” says pilot Russell Armstrong. “The plane was experiencing problems because we had flow into a freak storm. The onboard computer had crashed and we couldn’t make contact with air traffic control. it was pouring with rain and it was very dark. Suddenly, a huge bolt of lightning hit the plane. I was terrified that the plane would crash.” Armstrong decided to make an emergency landing. He eventually landed the plane in a field outside Frankfurt.
“It was the first time I’ve had to make an emergency landing, and I’m just glad I got everyone to safety,” Russell says. “I don’t want praise, though. I was just doing my job.” the passengers of midland airways flight ma 234 took a different view, however. “I don’t care what anyone says,” said passenger Irene Kent. “Russell Armstrong is a hero.”
We use the past perfect for an action which happened before another action in the past. He had left when ann. came.
The two girls were very frightened. They jumped out of bed and ran onto the landing. Flames were slowly climbing up the stairs. The air was hot and thick with smoke. “You wake mum and dad,” said Kate. “I have to call the fire brigade”.
As soon as the fire was finally out, one the fire fighters came over to Kate and Lucy. “You were very brave,” he said. “You acted very quickly. Well done!” everybody smiled. They were relieved that the nightmare was over.
It was a cool night and Kate was lying awake in bed. Her sister, Lucy, was sleeping peacefully on the other side of the room. She had come home late and was tired. Kate didn’t know what had woke her up, but she felt that something was wrong.
When the fire brigade arrived, the whole families were standing by an upstairs window. The fire fighters climbed up a ladder and carried them down to safety. Then, they put out the fire with long hoses.
Suddenly, she smelt a strange burning smell. She sat up in bed. “Lucy!” she said. “What is it?” Lucy asked, as she opened her eyes. “Can you smell smoke?” asked Kate. Lucy sniffed the air. “Yes”, she said. “Oh no! The house is on fire!”
STUDY SKILLS
Sequence of events
Before you start writing, decide on the main character(s), setting & time and what events you will include. Write the events in the order they happened. This helps the reader understand the story more easily.
THE GREAT PLAGUE
In England, Mary children enjoy playing the game of ring a ring o’ roses. They stand in a circle and then skip around, singing the song until the last line, when they all fall down. Where does this song come from?
Many people believe that the song is about the great plague of London, in 1665, when about 100,000 people died from a mysterious disease. The roses refer to the rosy rash which was the first sign that someone had the disease. To hide the smell of the plague, people filled their pockets with flowers and this is the meaning behind the second line. Later, sufferers of the disease would cough and sneeze, making an “ah-tishoo!” sound, before the end finally came and they fell down dead.
The first recorded case of the plague was on April 12, 1665, but by July of that year it had spread through London. By September, 7,000 people were dying every week and many chose to leave London. A small number of doctors stayed to fight the plague, but nobody knew that rats were carrying the disease around the city’s dirty streets.
The plague continued in London until September, 1666, when the great fire of London burned down many of the streets where the rats lived. Afterwards, Sir Christopher wren designed clean streets for London and the plague didn’t return. London survived both disasters and today only the words of a children’s song remind us of the deadly disease.
5b. PAST CONTINUOUS
We use the past continuous (was/were + verb –ing)
For an action which was in progress when another action interrupted it. We use the past continuous for the action in past progress and the past simple for the action which interrupted is. We were having ginner when the bell rang
For two or more simultaneous actions in the past. They were the watching TV while Steve was preparing lunch
5c. PAST PERFECT
We use the past perfect (had + past participle)
For an action which happened before another past action or before a stated time in the past.
For an action which finished in the past and whose result was visible at a later point in the past.
